@AudiovisualMaterial{SchuchLREGBSKSKMKFBEKDSCHH:2008:SpWeFo,
             abstract = "A multi-directional telescope for detection of high-energy 
                         galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) - muons was installed in 2001, through 
                         an international cooperation between Brazil, Japan and USA, and 
                         operated since then at the Southern Space Observatory - 
                         SSO/CRS/INPE - MCT, (29S, 53W), Sao Martinho da Serra, RS, in the 
                         south of Brazil. The telescope capability and sensitivity were 
                         upgraded in 2005. The observations conducted by this telescope are 
                         used for forecasting the arrival of the geomagnetic storm and 
                         their interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) drivers in the 
                         near-earth geospace. The telescope measures high-energy GCRs by 
                         detecting secondary muons produced from the hadronic interactions 
                         of primary GCRs (mostly protons) with atmospheric nuclei. Since 
                         muons have a relatively long life-time (about 2.2 microseconds for 
                         muons at rest) and can reach the detector at ground level 
                         preserving the incident direction of primary particles, the 
                         telescope can measure the GCRs intensity in various directions 
                         with a multidirectional detector at a single location, such as in 
                         Brazil. ICMEs accompanied by a strong shock often forms a GCR 
                         depleted region behind the shock - this abrupt decrease of the GCR 
                         density (i.e. the isotropic intensity), is known as a Forbush 
                         decrease, which is a region of suppressed cosmic ray density 
                         located downstream of an ICME shock. The ICME arrival also causes 
                         a systematic variation in the GCR streaming (i.e. the directional 
                         anisotropy of intensity). The magnitude of the streaming is small 
                         (about 1 % or less), but its variation is relevant. Some particles 
                         from this suppressed density region traveling with about the speed 
                         of light leak into the upstream region, much faster than the 
                         approaching shock, creating the possibility of being observed, at 
                         earths surface, by a network of ground based multi-directional 
                         telescopes, as a precursory loss-cone anisotropy ahead of the 
                         upstream region. Loss-cones are typically visible 4-10 hours ahead 
                         of shock arrival for shocks associated with major geomagnetic 
                         storms. The Brazilian muon telescope, at SSO, is part of a global 
                         network on an international collaboration, consisting of 10 
                         institutions from 7 countries. ICMEs traveling in interplanetary 
                         space and reaching the Earth - cause reduction in cosmic ray 
                         counts at the earths surface by one to ten percent, and can be 
                         detected sometimes as much as ten hours before their arrival at 
                         Earth - with the global network of muon detectors developed at 
                         Shinshu University, Japan, thus permitting accurate and reliable 
                         Space Weather forecasting.",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)}",
               author = "Schuch, Nelson Jorge and Lago, Alisson Dal and Rockenbac, Marlos 
                         and Echer, Ezequiel and Gonzales, Walter Dem{\'e}trio Alarcon and 
                         Braga, Carlos Roberto and Stekel, Ronan Coelho and Kemmerich, 
                         Nikolas and Silveira, Marcus Vinicius Dias and Kummer, 
                         Fabr{\'{\i}}cio Deives and Munakata, Kazuoki and Kato, Chihiro 
                         and Fujii, Zenjirou and Bieber, John W. and Evenson, Paul and 
                         Kuwabara, Takao and Duldig, Marcus L. and Sabbah, Ismail and 
                         Chilingarian, Ashot and Hippler, Rainer and Humble, John E.",
                 city = "Montreal, Canada",
       conferencename = "Scientific Assembly of COSPAR, (37Th).",
                 date = "18-25, July",
             keywords = "cosmic rays, Muon telescope, solar-terrestrial interactions, space 
                         weather, geomagnetic storms.",
             language = "en",
            publisher = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais",
     publisheraddress = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
                  ibi = "8JMKD3MGP8W/34B7TS2",
                  url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP8W/34B7TS2",
           targetfile = "COSPAR2008 PSW1-0035-08 Nelson Jorge Schuch Presentation LR 524B 
                         17-07-2008 18 00.pdf",
                title = "Space weather forecasting - a multi directional telescope for 
                         detection of high energy cosmic rays - muons - Southern Space 
                         Observatory - Brazil",
                 year = "2008",
        urlaccessdate = "05 maio 2024"
}